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State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI)

 

This site contains some info regarding the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory as well as downloadable versions of the scale, scoring key, and unpublished literature.

 

a) What is the STCI ?

 

b) Literature (publications of others, publications of Ruch, student research) on Construction and Validation

 

c) Versions and scoring key

 

The State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI)

The State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI) is an instrument measuring the three concepts of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood as both states (STCI-S) and traits (STCI-T).

The German STHI. Starting from the German pilot versions of the state and trait parts of the STHI (State-Trait-Heiterkeits-Inventar; Ruch, Köhler & van Thriel, 1996, 1997) with 40 (STHI-S<40>) and 122 (STHI-T<122>) items, respectively, several forms were developed: (a) a component (or long) trait form with 106 items (i.e., the STHI-T<106>); (b) a standard trait form with 60 items (STHI-T<60>), (c) a short trait form with 30 items (STHI-T<30>), (d) a standard state form with 30 items (STHI-S<30>), and (e) a short state form with 15 items (STHI-S<15>). While all three trait forms assess trait-cheerfulness, trait-seriousness, and trait- bad mood, the long form is scoreable for facets (16 subscales) as well. All state forms are scored for three scales: state-cheerfulness, state-seriousness, and state-bad mood.

Variations of these forms were generated for special purposes. While their psychometric properties were studied, they did not undergo a separate construction procedure. The peer- evaluation facet form (STHI-T<106>Fremd) was generated by reformulating all 106 items in a he/she-version and by adapting the instructions accordingly. The instructions of the state form (STHI-S<30>) were changed to study the subjects' affective and mental states over longer- lasting periods (how did you feel last week, last month, last year, in general?). Generation of the international version. An international version of the STCI (Ruch, Köhler, Deckers & Carrell, 1994) was developed by translating the item pool of the state and trait parts into English. The translation included several steps (documented in Ruch et al., 1996) and utilized bilinguals and native speakers of English. As a result, the international version comprises a facet trait form (STCI-T<106i>) and a state forrm (STCI-S<45i>) which will serve as the pilot versions for adaptation in different cultures. While the trait form shares the item pool with the German STHI-T<106>, the state form comprises all 40 items of the German STHI-S<40> supplemented by five newly written items. A peer-evaluation facet trait form (STCI-T<106i> peer) was generated as well but is not studied so far.

The English STHI. The trait and state versions were administered to American and British samples. On the basis of these further data, standard and short versions for use with English speaking participants were constructed. Like the German counterparts, the English standard trait version is a 60-item scale (i.e., the STCI-T<60>) and the standard state version is a 30-item scale (i.e., the STCI-S<30>). However, the item pools of the German and English versions overlap but are not identical. Although short versions are developed as well (i.e., STCI-T<30>; STCI-S<18>), due to the lack of replication data so far we recommend the use of the standard scales.

The trait-scale was constructed on the basis of appr. 1000 subjects who filled in the pilot version with 106 items. The data reduction was based on factor and item analysis. We did preserve the facet structure but gave less emphasis to the facets that represent conceptual blends (SE6 is a blend of cheerfulness and seriousness; likewise BM3 and BM5 are less well represented). The sample was composed of subsamples (appendix) and included four geographic regions; however, older subjects were less well represented. The factor structure of the facet model was confirmed using the long or component form, which, however, was reduced to 94 items (from 106 items) to ensure reliability.

Similarly, the state-scale was constructed on the basis of appr. 1350 subjects who filled in the pilot version with 45 items. The data reduction was based on factor and item analysis. We did investigate whether the same facet structure emerges than with German data (so far only across subjects) and this was the case; so the scales were kept balanced with respect to the facets.

We have computed some test statistics and norms for both versions and put them together in tables (see Appendix). We also have very preliminary information on validity. We do NOT have reliability (retest or internal consistency) data on the final scales (i.e., with 60 and 30 items).

 

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Literature on Construction and Validation of the STCI

STCI: publications of others

a) Essays in journals

 

Ayan, S. (2009). Laughing matters. Seeing the bright side of life may strengthen the psyche, ease pain, and tighten social bonds. Scientific American Mind, April/May, 32-39.

 

Falkenberg, I., Klügel, K., Bartels, M., & Wild, B. (2007). Sense of humor in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 95, 259-261. (Abstract)

 

Hausmann, M. (2005). Hemispheric asymmetry in spatial attention across the menstrual cycle. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1559-1567. (Abstract)

 

Holländer, A., Hausmann, M., Hamm, J. P., & Corballis, M. C. (2005). Sex hormonal modulation of hemispheric asymmetries in the attentional blink. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, 263-272. (Abstract)

 

Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 48-75. (Abstract)

 

Mitsutake, G., Otsuka, K., Oinuma, S., Ferguson, I., Cornelissen, G., Wanliss, J., & Halberg, F. (2004). Does exposure to an artificial ULF magnetic field affect blood pressure, heart rate variability and mood? Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 58 (Suppl. 1), 20-27. (Abstract)

 

Papousek, I., & Schulter, G. (2008). Effects of a mood-enhancing intervention on subjective well-being and cardiovascular parameters. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 293-302. (Abstract)

 

Wrench, J. S., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). A temperamental understandig of humor communication and exhilaratability. Communication Quarterly, 49, 142-159. (pdf)

 

Yip, J. A., & Martin, R. A. (2006). Sense of humor, emotional intelligence, and social competence. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 1202-1208. (Abstract)

 

b) Essays in books

 

Krantzhoff, E. U., & Hirsch, R. D. (2001). Humor in der Gerontopsychiatrischen Klink: Ergebnisse einer therapiebegleitenden Studie. In R. D. Hirsch, J. Bruder & H. Radebold (Hrsg.), Heiterkeit und Humor im Alter (S.139-162). Kassel: Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontopsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Band 2. Chudeck-Druck, Bornheim-Sechtem.

 

c) Books

 

Bönsch-Kauke, M. (2003). Psychologie des Kinderhumors: Schulkinder unter sich. Opladen: Leske und Budrich.

 

Hirsch, R.D., Bruder, J., & Radebold, H. (Eds.) (2001). Heiterkeit und Humor im Alter. Kassel: Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontopsychiatrie und –psychotherapie.

 

Rissland, B. (2002). Humor und seine Bedeutung für den Lehrerberuf. Heilbronn, Germany: Julius Klinkhandt.

 

Williams, A. N. (2004). The truth about you: Discover hidden truths about yourself - and enhance your life (Chapter 5: pp. 185-190, 190-202). London: Vermilion.

 

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STCI: publication list Ruch

a) Essays in journals

 

Sarid, O., Shahar, D. R., Kurz, I., Melzer, I., & Ruch, W. (accepted for publication). Be Old and be Happy: Positive Mood is Related to Voluntarism and Exercising. Clinical Gerontologist. (pdf)

 

Beermann, U., & Ruch, W. (in press). How virtuous is humour? What we can learn from current instruments. Journal of Positive Psychology.

 

100) Ruch, W., Beermann, U., & Proyer, R. T. (2009). Investigating the humor of gelotophobes: Does feeling ridiculous equal being humorless? Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 22, 111-143. (Abstract, pdf)

 

94) Rapp, A.M., Wild, B., Erb, M., Rodden, F.A., Ruch, W., & Grodd, W. (2008). Trait cheerfulness modulates BOLD-response in lateral cortical but not limbic brain areas - a pilot fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 445, 242–245. (Abstract, pdf)

 

91) Brutsche, M. H., Grossman, P., Müller, R. E., Wiegand, J., Pello, Bathy, F., & Ruch, W. (2008). Impact of laughter on air trapping in severe chronic obstructive lung disease. International Journal of COPD, 3, 1-8. (Abstract, pdf)

 

81) Ruch, W. (2005). Will the real relationship between facial expression and affective experience please stand up: The case of exhilaration. In: P. Ekman & E.L. Rosenberg (Ed.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (pp. 89-108). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pdf)

 

77) Thompson, R., Ruch, W., & Hasenöhrl, R. U. (2004). Enhanced cognitive performance and cheerful mood by standardized extracts of Piper methysticum (Kava-kava). Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 19, 243-250. (Abstract, pdf)

 

76) Zweyer, K., Velker, B., & Ruch, W. (2004). Do cheerfulness, exhilaration, and humor production moderate pain tolerance? A FACS study. In R. A. Martin (Ed.), Sense of Humor and Health [special issue]. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 17(1/2), 85–119. (Abstract, pdf)

 

63) Ruch, W., & Köhler, G. (1999). The measurement of state and trait cheerfulness. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 67-83). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press. (pdf)

 

58) Ruch, W., & Carrell, A. (1998). Trait cheerfulness and the sense of humor. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 551-558. (Abstract, pdf)

 

53) Ruch, W. (1997). State and trait cheerfulness and the induction of exhilaration: A FACS study. European Psychologist, 2, 328-341. (Abstract, pdf)

 

52) Ruch, W., Köhler, G., & van Thriel, C. (1997). To be in good or bad humor: Construction of the state form of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory — STCI. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 477-491. (Abstract, pdf)

 

44) Köhler, G., & Ruch, W. (1996). Sources of variance in current sense of humor inventories: How much substance, how much method variance? In W. Ruch (Ed.), Measurement of the sense of humor [special issue].Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 363-397. (pdf)

 

43) Ruch, W., Köhler, G., & van Thriel, C. (1996). Assessing the "humorous temperament": Construction of the facet and standard trait forms of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory — STCI. In W. Ruch (Ed.), Measurement of the sense of humor [special issue]. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 303-339. (pdf)

 

39) Ruch, W. (1995). Will the real relationship between facial expression and affective experience please stand up: The case of exhilaration. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 33-58. (pdf)

 

36) Ruch, W. (1994). Temperament, Eysenck's PEN system, and humor-related traits. Humor. International Journal of Humor Research, 7, 209-244. (Abstract, pdf)

 

35) Ruch, W. (1994). Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 89-102. (Abstract, pdf)

 

32) Ruch, W., & Rath, S. (1993). The nature of humor appreciation: Toward an integration of perception of stimulus properties and affective experience. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 6, 363-384. (pdf)

 

b) Chapters and essays in books

 

Beermann, U., Gander, F., Hiltebrand, D., Wyss, T., & Ruch, W. (in press). Laughing at Oneself: Trait or State? In P. Doris, & Bänninger-Huber (Eds.), Proceedings of the FACS-Workshop 2007. Innsbruck, Austria: Innsbruck University Press.

 

93) Ruch, W. (2008). The psychology of humor. In: V. Raskin (Ed.), A primer of humor (pp. 17-100). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (pdf)

 

96) Sommer, K., & Ruch, W. (2009). Cheerfulness. In: S. J. Lopez (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology. Massachusetts, MA: Blackwell Publishing. (pdf)

 

75) Ruch, W. (2004). Humor. In C. P. Peterson & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Character strengths and virtues: A handbook of classification (pp. 583-598). American Psychological Association, Washington DC, USA (& Oxford University Press). (pdf)

 

70) Ruch, W., & Zweyer, K. (2001). Ergebnisse der Forschung zu Humor und Heiterkeit. In R. D. Hirsch, J. Bruder & H. Radebold (Hrsg.), Heiterkeit und Humor im Alter (S. 9-43). Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontopsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Band 2. Chudeck-Druck, Bornheim-Sechtem. (pdf)

 

68) Ruch, W., & Ekman, P. (2001). The expressive pattern of laughter. In A. Kaszniak (Ed.), Emotion, qualia and consciousness (pp. 426-443). Word Scientific Publisher. Tokyo. (pdf)

 

67) Ruch, W. (2001). The perception of humor. In A. Kaszniak (Ed.), Emotion, qualia, and consciousness (pp. 410-425). Tokyo: Word Scientific Publisher. (pdf)

 

65) Ruch, W. (2000). Erheiterung und Heiterkeit. In J. Otto, H. A. Euler & H. Mandl (Hrsg.), Emotionspsychologie. Ein Handbuch in Schlüsselbegriffen (pp. 231-238). Stuttgart: Psychologische Verlags Union. (pdf)

 

61) Ruch, W. (1998). Exhilaration, exhilaratability and the exhilarants. In A. Fischer (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th conference of the International Society for Research on Emotions (pp. 122-126). Würzburg: ISRE. (pdf)

 

60) Ruch, W. (1998/2007). Tools used for diagnosing humor states and traits. In W. Ruch (Ed.), The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (405-412). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (pdf)

 

56) Ruch, W., & Köhler, G. (1998/2007). A temperament approach to humor. In W. Ruch (Ed.), The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (pp. 203-230). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (pdf)

 

55) Ruch, W., & Hehl, F. -J. (1998/2007). A two-mode model of humor appreciation: Its relation to aesthetic appreciation and simplicity-complexity of personality. In W. Ruch (Ed.), The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (pp. 109-142). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (pdf)

 

50) Ruch, W. (1997). Will the real relationship between facial expression and affective experience please stand up: The case of exhilaration. In P. Ekman & E. L. Rosenberg (Eds.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (pp. 89-108). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pdf)

 

46) Ruch, W. (1997). Laughter and temperament. In P. Ekman & E. L. Rosenberg (Eds.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (pp. 131-132). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pdf)

 

45) Ruch, W. (1997). Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment. In P. Ekman & E. L. Rosenberg (Eds.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (pp. 112-130). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pdf)

 

31) Ruch, W. (1993). Die Emotion Erheiterung: Eine Übersicht über den Forschungsbereich. In Montada, L. (Hrsg.), Bericht über den 38. Kongreß der DGfPs in Trier 1992 (pp. 277-285). Göttingen: Hogrefe. (pdf)

 

27) Ruch, W. (1993). Exhilaration and humor (Chapter 42). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotions (pp. 605-616). New York, NY: Guilford Publications. (pdf)

 

c) Books

 

Ruch, W. (Ed.) (1998, 2007). The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

 

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STCI: students research

d) Bachelor, Master and Doctoral Theses (unpublished)

 

Baumann, S., & Städeli, I. (2005). Lachen und experimentell induzierter Schmerz: Eine FACS Studie. Unveröffentl. Lizentiatsarbeit, Universität Zürich, Abteilung Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Diagnostik, Zürich. (pdf)

 

Beyler, M. (1999). Ist Erheiterung entspannend? Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Esser, C. (2001). Der "Humorous Behavior Q-sort Deck" nach Craik, Lampert und Nelson: ein erschöpfendes Modell für Humor? Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Erne, B. (2008). Vorhersage depressiver Symptome durch unterschiedliche Facetten ruminativer Gedanken, Lageorientierung und schlechte Laune. Unveröffentl. Lizentiatsarbeit, Universität Zürich, Abteilung Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Diagnostik, Zürich. (pdf)

 

Golla, M. (2001). Ist Lachen entspannend? Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Günzler, C. , Deuser, V., & Zimmermann, S. (2001). Der Einfluss der sozialen Umwelt auf die Humorbewertung: Untersuchungsbericht. Unveröffentl. Praktikumsbericht.

 

Hartig, J. (1996). Heiteres Temperament als Moderator der stimmungsverändernden Wirkung der Rückmeldung des eigenen willkürlich gestellten Gesichtsausdrucks emotional negativer Qualität: Eine FACS-Studie.Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Frankfurt am Main.

 

Haußer, S. (1999). Heiterkeit, kritische Lebensereignisse und Wohlbefinden. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Herr, P. (1996). Der Einfluss von Raumatmosphäre und gelenkter Aufmerksamkeit auf die aktuelle Stimmung, Erinnerungsinhalte und Konzentrationsleistung. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Hilscher, M. B. (2005). Performance implications of alternative color codes in airport x-ray baggage screening. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. University of Central Florida, Dept. of Psychology, Orlando.

 

Hilse, J., Jebram, A., & Struckmeier, I. (2006). Einfluss von Trait-Cheerfulness auf Frustrationstoleranz. Unveröffentl. Bericht zum experimentellen Praktikum WS 05/06, Universität Heidelberg.

 

Jackson, P. E. (2007). Stress, Cheerfulness and Humor: The Relationships among Stress, Humor, and Traits Cheerfulness, Seriousness and Bad Mood. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. Metropolitan State College of Denver.

 

Keller, D., & von Sauberzweig, T. (2006). Heiterkeit oder schlechte Laune - Eine Frage der Erziehung. Eine Korrelationsstudie. Unveröffentl. Studienarbeit, Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie HAP, Zürich.

 

Kirchhoff, C. (2001). Humor, belastende Ereignisse und Befindlichkeit. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Krannich, H. (2001). Wirkungen von Stimuli positiver Valenz (Auswirkungen von experimentell induzierter Erheiterung auf Angst). Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Würzburg. (pdf)

 

Kujath, H. (1994). Die Rolle von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und von Empathie bei der Induktion von Stimmungen durch die Präsentation von emotional eindeutigen Tonbandaussagen. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Linnenbrink, G. (2002). Die moderierende Wirkung verschiedener Humorstile auf die Beziehung zwischen Stress(erleben) und Befindlichkeit. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Maas, C. (2003). Sense of humor and spirituality as correlates of psychological well-being in men with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto CA.

 

Meyer, R. (1995). Der Einfluss von Raumatmosphäre und gelenkter Aufmerksamkeit auf die aktuelle Stimmung. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Rambech, N. (2001). Personality and daily addictions: Is the “addiction profile” valid for everyday excessive behavior independent from the perspective of assessment? Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf. (pdf)

 

Sassenrath, S. (2001). Humor und Lachen als Stressbewältigung: Evaluation des 8 Stufen Humor-Trainingprogramms zur Wiederentdeckung und Stärkung des Sinnes für Humor von Dr. Paul E. McGhee. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit, Universität Wien, Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Wien. (pdf)

 

Smolka, H.-M. (2001). Kritische Lebensereignisse und heitere Gelassenheit. Eine Untersuchung über Zusammenhänge. Unveröff. Magisterarbeit. Universität Wien, Grund- und Integrativwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Wien. (pdf)

 

Van Lierde, B. (1995). Der Einfluss experimentell variierter heiterer Stimmung und experimentell variierter sozialer Situation auf die Auslösung von Erheiterung, ermittelt anhand FACS-kodierter mimischer und verbaler Indikatoren. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Velker, B. (2001). Moderiert Extraversion den Einfluss positiver Emotionen auf Schmerz? Eine FACS-Studie.Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Waidhofer, B. (2006). Humor und seine Beziehung zur Positiven Psychologie im Alter.Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit. Universität Wien, Fakultät für Psychologie, Wien.

 

Wancke, C.-U. (1996). Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher emotionaler Qualitäten von Sinnsprüchen und des Umgangs mit Material auf die aktuelle Befindlichkeit der Probanden. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

Wong Sin On, P. (2003). The use of humour in counselling among counsellors in Malaysia. Unpubl. Dissertation University of Malaysia, Faculty of Education, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Zweyer, K. (2000). Die Auswirkung von Heiterkeit, Erheiterung und Humorproduktion auf experimentell induzierte Schmerzen. Unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physiologische Psychologie, Düsseldorf.

 

e) Poster

 

Ruch, W., & Stevens, M. (1995). The differential effects of nitrous oxide on mood level: The role of trait-cheerfulness. 7th Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences – ISSID, Warsaw, July 15-19 (Poster).

 

 

 

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Available versions, scoring keys, and tables

You may download them given my explicit prior consent. If uncertain, send me an e-mail first.

The documents are stored as MS Word-files. We plan to switch to pdf-versions.

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A). English version

B). German version: State-Trait-Heiterkeits-Inventar (STHI)

  • STHI-T<106>, Langform des Traitteils (106 Items, 3 Skalen, 16 Komp.) (Word, pdf-Datei )
  • STHI-T<60>, Standardform des Traitteils (60 items, 3 Skalen) ( Word, pdf-Datei )
  • STHI-T<60>fremd, Standardtraitform für Fremdeinschätzung) (Word, pdf-Datei )
  • STHI-T<30>, Kurzform des Traitteils (in Entwicklung)
  • STHI-S<30>, Standardform des Stateteils (30 Items, 3 Skalen) ( Word, pdf-Datei )
  • STHI-S<30>, Standardform des Stateteils für unterschiedliche Zeiträume (T1: letzte Woche, T2: letzten Monat, T3: letztes Jahr, T4: im Allgemeinen) (Word, pdf-Datei )
  • Auswertungsschlüssel für deutsche Fassung ( pdf-Datei )
  • neu: Version für Kinder und Jugendliche (siehe D).)

C). International version

This are the versions to start from with the translation. They are equivalent to the German long forms.

  • STHI-T<106>&STHI-S<45> , international state and trait versions (including peer version and versions for different time spans (Word, pdf-version -192k)
  • Scoring key for the English standard and short versions ( Word, pdf-version )

D). NEW: version for children and youth (German language, pdf-files)

E). NEW: version for children and youth (English language, pdf-files)

 

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